Georgia’s soils are diverse, reflecting the state’s varied geology and climate. A prominent characteristic is the prevalence of Ultisols, deeply weathered soils common in warm, humid climates. These soils are typically acidic and have a reddish or yellowish hue due to the accumulation of iron oxides. They are often associated with agriculture and forestry.
The state’s agricultural history is closely linked to its soil types. Ultisols, while naturally low in fertility, respond well to management practices such as liming and fertilization. This has enabled the cultivation of crops such as peanuts, cotton, and peaches, which are economically important to Georgia. The texture and drainage characteristics of specific Ultisol subtypes influence crop suitability in different regions of the state. The varying mineral composition of soil types impact the economic benefits of agriculture in Georgia.
